TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS 2
SOFTSKILL
NAMA :
Dini Fasya Putri
KELAS :
3EB22
NPM :
22213572
UNIVERSITAS
GUNADARMA
TAHUN
AJARAN
2016
1. Degrees of Comparison
Definition
Ø Degrees of comparison refers to adjectives being written in different forms to compare one, two or more nouns which are words
describing persons, places and things. The three different forms of comparison are the positive, the comparative and
the superlative.
Ø The Degrees of
Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to
show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the
qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in
comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or
expression
Ø
Degrees of Comparison are used when we compare one person or
one thing with another.
There are three Degrees
of Comparison in English.
Theyare:
1. Positive degree.
2. Comparative degree.
3. Superlative degree.
Kinds of comparison:
1. POSITIVE
DEGREE: Tom is tall a boy.
In this sentence the word ‘tall’ is an adjective telling
us how Tom is. There is no other person or thing in this sentence used to
compare Tom with, but it is the general way of saying about persons, animals
and things that they have some quality (here ‘tallness’) above average in
general sense. The adjective word ‘tall’ is said to be in the “positive
form”.
This comparison
is called “positive degree” comparison.
There are two
more comparisons with the ‘positive form’ of the adjective words.
They are:
(i) Degree
of Equality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things
to tell us that they are equal – having the same quality.
There are two cats with the same height and
weight, and look the same except for the colour.
Therefore we say:
The brown cat is as beautiful as the grey cat. (=
Both the cats are the same.)
The word
“beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction
as…as it expresses the ‘degree of equality’.
(ii) Degree
of Inequality: This comparison is used to compare two persons,
animals or things to tell us that they are not equal
– not having the same quality.
The brown cat
is not so beautiful as the black & white cat.
(= They arenot the
same.)
The word
“beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction
so…as (and the negative ‘not’) it expresses the ‘degree ofinequality’
2. COMPARATIVE
DEGREE:
Tom is a tall boy.Tom is taller than his sister.
In the second
sentence the word ‘taller’ is an adjective used to compare the
‘tallness’ of these two persons – Tom and his sister – and to tell us that Tom
has more of the quality of ‘tallness’.
Therefore, an
adjective word which shows the difference of quality between two groups of
persons, animals or things is said to be in the ‘comparative form’. persons,
animals or things, or
This comparison
is called “Comparative Degree”.
There are two more degrees of comparison with the
‘comparative form’ of an adjective. They are:
(i) Parallel Degree: This comparison is used to show that the
qualities of two items (adjectives or adverbs) talked about in the given
sentence go parallel, i.e. if one quality (adjective or adverb) increases, the
other quality (adjective or adverb) increases, and if one quality decreases,
the other quality also decreases.
The bigger the
box, the heavier it is.
(ii) Progressive Degree: This comparison is used to show that
the quality of a thing (adjective or adverb) talked about in the given sentence
increases as the time passes, for example:
MON
TUE
WED
THU
FRI SAT
SUN
25° → 27° → 30° → 33°→ 35° → 38° → 40°
It’s getting
hotter and hotter day by day. [as the time passes
the temperature increases] OR The days are getting hotter and hotter.
3. SUPERLATIVE
DEGREE:
A musk ox is a large animal. An elephant is larger than a musk
ox.
The blue whale
is the largest of all animals.
The blue whale
is the largest of all animals in the
world.
In this
sentence the word (the) ‘largest’ is an adjective used to compare
the “largeness” of the blue whale and to tell us that the blue whale has the
most quality of ‘largeness’.
This comparison
is used to compare one person, animal or thing with more than two persons,
animals or things (the rest of the group of more than two), and to say that the
particular one has the highest degree of that
particular quality (here the comparison is
between the blue whale and the rest of the animals, more than two). The
adjective ‘large’ is said to be in the ‘superlative form’.
This comparison
is called “Superlative Degree”.
Examples:
1. This is the biggest house in this street.
(Superlative)
This house is bigger than any
other house in this street. (Comparative)
No other house in this street is as big
as this one. (Positive)
2.
This flower
is the most beautiful one in this
garden. (Superlative)
This flower is more
beautiful than any other flower in this garden. (Comparative)
No other flower in this garden is as beautiful
as this one. (Comparative)
3.
She
is the most intelligent in this
class. (Superlative)
She
is more intelligent than other boys
in the class. (Comparative)
No
other Girls is as intelligent as
this Girls. (Positive)
4.
He
is the tallest student in this
class. (Superlative)
He is taller than other students in this class. (Comparative)
No other student is as tall as this student. (Positive)
5.
Jupiter is the largest planet of all. (Superlative)
Earth is larger than Mercury. (Comparative)
Mercury is a large planet. (Positive)
2. Question Words
An interrogative word or question word is a function word used to ask a question, such as what, when, where, who, why and how. They are
sometimes called wh-words, because in English most of them start with
wh- (compare Five Ws).
We use question words to ask certain
types of questions (question word
questions). We
often refer to them as WH words because they include the
letters WH (for example WHy, HoW).
|
question word
|
Function
|
example sentence
|
|
What
|
asking for information about something
|
What is your name?
|
|
asking for repetition or confirmation
|
What? I can't hear you.
You did what?
|
|
what...for
|
asking for a reason, asking why
|
What did you do that for?
|
|
When
|
asking about time
|
When did he leave?
|
|
Where
|
asking in or at what place or position
|
Where do they live?
|
|
Which
|
asking about choice
|
Which colour do you want?
|
|
Who
|
asking what or which person or people (subject)
|
Who opened the door?
|
|
Whom
|
asking what or which person or people (object)
|
Whom did you see?
|
|
Whose
|
asking about ownership
|
Whose are these keys?
Whose turn is it?
|
|
Why
|
asking for reason, asking what...for
|
Why do you say that?
|
|
why don't
|
making a suggestion
|
Why don't I help you?
|
|
How
|
asking about manner
|
How does this work?
|
|
asking about condition or quality
|
How was your exam?
|
|
how + adj/adv
|
asking about extent or degree
|
see examples below
|
|
how far
|
Distance
|
How far is Pattaya from Bangkok?
|
|
how long
|
length (time or space)
|
How long will it take?
|
|
how many
|
quantity (countable)
|
How many cars are there?
|
|
how much
|
quantity (uncountable)
|
How much money do you have?
|
|
how old
|
Age
|
How old are you?
|
|
how come (informal)
|
asking for reason, asking why
|
How come I can't see her?
|
3. Find 5W+1H in English Newspaper
Five dead, one missing after boat sinks off Jakarta
Jakarta
Posted: Sat, May 7 2016 | 08:33 pm
Five tourists were found dead
and another is still missing on Saturday as their boat sank in waters off the
Thousand Islands, an official says.
“We have sent victims' bodies to
a public hospital,” said the head of Thousand Islands’ Fire and Rescue Office,
Edi Rudianto, as reported by kompas.com, adding that police were
identifying the bodies.
A 16-member team from
the Fire and Rescue Office helped by police and Transportation Office
personnel were still deployed to find another missing passenger, said Edi
Edi explained that he got
information from boat owner Abdul Wahab at 4 a.m. on Saturday about a missing
boat.
“Soon after receiving the
information, we began searching for its passengers. We found one had survived,”
said Edi, adding that his name was Kristian, a resident of Taman Sari, West
Jakarta.
Kristian said he and six other
residents of Taman Sari hired Abdul's boat on Friday at 5 p.m. The names of the
other six on board were Doni Marcel, Giok Sun, Giok Liong, Fahrul Majid, Sonson
and OK.
"The surviving passenger
is being treated at a Panggang Island health center. He is in shock but police
are still trying to question him,” Edi said, also adding based on Kristian's
explanation, the incident occurred at 2 a.m. on Saturday.
Kristian said he survived
because he had been able to swim to Panggang Island. ( bbn)
Analyze 5W+1H :
WHAT :
What
is the topic ?
Sinking
boat in Thousand Islands Regency.
WHEN :
When
the incident happened?
The
incident occurred at 2 a.m. on Saturday.
WHERE :
Where
is the incident happened?
The
incident happened in waters off the Thousand Islands,Jakarta.
WHO :
Who
is the victims of the incident?
The
victims is Kristian, Doni Marcel, Giok Sun, Giok Liong, Fahrul Majid, Sonson
dan OK.
WHY :
Why
the incident could happened?
The
cause of the incident is still uncertain, Edi said that A 16-member team from
the Fire and Rescue Office helped by police and Transportation Office
personnel were still deployed to find another missing passenger.
HOW :
How
the incident happened?
Isa explained that he got
information from boat owner Adhitya at 4 a.m. on Saturday about a missing boat.
Soon after receiving the information, they are began searching for its
passengers. they found one had survived,adding that his name was Doni, a
resident of Taman Sari, West Jakarta. Doni said he survived because he had been
able to swim to Panggang Island.
Sumber
https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/wh-question-words.htm
